The report interrogates and defines the concept of ecological debt in the Tanzanian contextit traces the origins and applicability of the concept in Africa and more specifically inTanzania, it identified the fact that repayment of Third World Financial Debt was having destructive effects on the natural environments of these countries. Many debtor countries have engaged in activities that are ecologically destructive in order to meet their debt obligations. The demands of the creditors on debtor nations have forced many developing countries to undertake activities such as the over production of exports that has led to rapid deforestation, use of marginal lands, increased pesticide and chemical fertilizer use, and the destruction of natural habitats and human livelihoods. In addition, the construction of mega-projects such as dams and mining industries in order to pay external financial debt is destroying the basis of survival for African people by depriving them of their lands and livelihoods.